2013 — The Rabaa Massacre

On August 14, 2013, Egyptian security forces stormed the protest camps at Rabaa al-Adawiya and al-Nahda squares in Cairo, where supporters of ousted president Mohamed Morsi had sat in for six weeks. Within hours, the camps were cleared — and hundreds were dead across the capital's squares.

Human Rights Watch counted at least 817 killed at Rabaa alone, calling it one of the largest killings of demonstrators in a single day in recent history. It was the deadliest day since the 2011 revolution — and for many, the moment the Arab Spring ended in blood, its hopes buried at Rabaa.